Book references

Media, Gender and Identity, David Gauntlett.

Media Monoliths, Mark Tungate

100 years of Fashion, Cally Blackman

The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf.

Critical and Cultural Theory, Dani Cavallaro.

Intoducing cultural studies, Elaine Baldwin, Brian Longhurst, Scott McCraken. Miles Ogborn, Greg Smith.

These are some of the possible book reference that i might find it useful.

" The Hippie Movement of the late 1960's incorporated bohemian ideals. Centered on creativity of life and dress, hippie style included elements of historic costume, ethnic dress, and a rejection of mainstream life. 

Greenwich Village, New York or The Village was a gathering place for impoverished artists and writers in the 20th century, a haven for the creative communtiy as a distinctive minority group.

The Left Bank In the early 20th century, the Montparnasse area of Paris France was a hub of creativity that attracted artists, writers, and intellectuals. Here, people like Marc Chagall, Ernest Hemingway, Henri Matisse, and others were able to live cheaply, meeting in bistros and restaurants to share ideas.

La Boheme and the Musical Rent - The musical Rent is based on Puccini's opera La Boheme. The story revolves around a group of artists living the bohemian life and their struggles with poverty and disease.

Sherlock Holmes - Arthur Conan Doyle's first short story featuring Sherlock Holmes included Doctor Watson's description of the famous fictional detective's 'bohemian soul.'

Paul Poiret - The early 20th century fashion designer reworked a variety of ethnic designs for Western fashion. His use of elements of Russian peasant costume, Middle Eastern, oriental, and historic dress introduced bohemian concepts int high fashion that eventually bled into mainstream fashion.

William and Jane Morris - William Morris was a designer who created alternative textiles for clothing and interior design, known for his involevment in liberal socialism, historic preservation and known as an early environmentalist. He also designed clothes for his wife, Jane Morris, a model who became an icon of the Aesthetic and Arts and Crafts movements in her loose, medieval style dresses and abundant long hair.

Dorelia McNeill was a model for the artists Gwen and Augustus John in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Augustus and Dorelia lived a gypsy life in a caravan while he painted her in long, loose skirts and scarves as they lived in a personal bohemian utopia."

Some influences of bohemian concept in several aspects. Bohemian often associated with hippies as d concept of hippies, no war, free love is similar to bohemian living in a carefree life. The movie sherlock holmes also being portrayed as someone who does not care about his appearance.

Reference: Monet, D. (2012) Boho, The Fashion History of Bohemian Style. Retrieve 15 July 2012 from http://doloresmonet.hubpages.com/hub/BohoTheFashionHistoryofBohemianClothes

Bohemian icon?

The Rainbow Gathering is an annual meeting of like minded individuals with a bohemian bent that reject capitalism and materialism and embrace utopian ideals, the creative life, environmentalism, and diversity.

References : Monet, D. (n.d.) Boho - The Fashion History of Bohemian Style. 19 Jun 2012, from http://doloresmonet.hubpages.com/hub/BohoTheFashionHistoryofBohemianClothes#




20th century rainbow gathering

Figure 1: Brothers: (Source: festival-rainbow-gathering-2_17034_600x450.jpg, 2009)

the American Festivals Project attended the Rainbow Gathering in New Mexico's Santa Fe National Forest on the July of 2009. It is an annual even that held in national forests across the U.S., grew out of the 1960s counterculture movement and usually draws between 10,000 and 20,000 people focused on peace, love, and respect for nature.

Traditionally, thousands of people meet in the central circle of the Rainbow Gathering camp on the Fourth of July to meditate and pray for world peace. Everyone is expected to keep silent from sunrise on the Fourth to the moment when the prayer circle is broken, sometime after noon. During the 2009 gathering, dark storm clouds broke minutes after the prayer circle ended—and a double rainbow appeared in the sky.

References: McDermott, R. (2009) Rainbow Gathering. Retrieve 15 July 2012 from http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/american-festivals/rainbow-gathering-photos/

Body image in 1960s

1960s- Women started to accept skirt hems and pants

Dieting becomes popular. In 1963, Weight Watcher is founded, 500000 members are recruited and grosses $5.5 million in revenues.

Amphetamines were prescribed by the doctors to the women that are seeking for weight loss.

1963- The Modern American women's movement was reignited by "The Feminine Mystique'' by Betty Friedan

1965- The average fashion model weighs eight percent less than the average American woman.

The National Organization for Women, advocating women's rights is founded in America.

1967- Twiggy, British fashion model weighing 91 pounds on a 5-foot-7 inch frame, triggering a shift in average sizes for fashion models.

1968- Feminists burn bras, make up and high heels to protest the Miss America beauty pageant.



Reference: Dixon, K., Kary, T. and Maccarone, D. (n.d.) Body as History timeline. 4 July 2012. Retrieve from http://web.jrn.columbia.edu/newmedia/projects/masters/bodyimage/history/1960s.html


Based on the information, 1960s to 1970s had been a vital year for women in the sense that they are getting more and more desperate in weight-loss. With the influence from the media, weight-watchers, women figure like Twiggy even some new medication has introduced by the doctors for women who wanted to lose weight.